**INJECTION MOLDING**
MATERIAL	LBS. / HR. PER 1 TON
HDPE	30
LDPE	35
ACRYLIC	35
PP	35
PPO	40
NYLON 6, 66	40
POLYURETHANE	40
PET	40
PS	50
ABC	50
PC	50
CELCON	50
ACETAL	50
PVC	75

VACUUM FORMING
MATERIAL
LBS. / HR.
PER 1 TON
HDPE
70
LDPE
70
PP
70
PS
200
PVC
250

BLOWING MOLDING
MATERIAL
LBS. / HR.
PER 1 TON
HDPE
40
PET
40
PVC
70

**EXTRUSION - PIPE PROFILE**
MATERIAL	LBS. / HR. PER 1 TON
HDPE	50
LDPE	50
PP	50
PET	50
ABS	70
PVC	65
PS	75
EXTRUSION - TROUGH, BATH, CHILL ROLL
POLYSTYRENE	60
ABS	60

BLOWN FILM COOLING LOAD
1.12 TONS
100 CFM @ 40 F AIR
35 F GLYCOL
1.03 TONS
100 CFM @ 45 F AIR
40 F GLYCOL
0.95
100 CFM @ 50 F AIR
45 F WATER
INCOMING AIR
95 F DRY BULB, 78 F WET BULB
15 F SENSIBLE FAN HEAT
AIR FLOW GUIDELINES
125 CFM PER 1" RING DIAMETER
3 CFM PER LB. / HOUR OF PLASTIC
IBC CFM (1/2 AIR RING CFM)

**BLOWN FILM COOLING LOAD**
1.12 TONS	100 CFM @ 40 F AIR	35 F GLYCOL
1.03 TONS	100 CFM @ 45 F AIR	40 F GLYCOL
0.95	100 CFM @ 50 F AIR	45 F WATER
INCOMING AIR	95 F DRY BULB, 78 F WET BULB 15 F SENSIBLE FAN HEAT
AIR FLOW GUIDELINES	125 CFM PER 1" RING DIAMETER 3 CFM PER LB. / HOUR OF PLASTIC IBC CFM (1/2 AIR RING CFM)

COOLING LOAD ESTIMATES
BARREL
1 TON PER INCH OF SCREW DIA.
SCREW
2 TON
THROAT COOLING
0.5 TONS FOR SCREWS UP TO 3"
1.0 TONS FOR SCREWS OVER 3"
GEAR DRIVE
2.0 TONS
HYDRAULIC OIL COOLING
1 TON PER 10 HP HYDRAULIC OIL MOTOR
VACUUM PUMPS
1 TON PER 10 HP
WATER PUMPS
1 TON PER 5 HP PUMP MOTOR
AIR COMPRESSOR
1 TON PER 10 HP OIL COOLER
1 TON PER 10 HP AIR AFTERCOOLER
1 TON PER HP AIR DRYER
(WATER-COOLED)
COMPOUND MIXERS
TONS=LB./HR. X ? T + 0.2 X HP 12,000

**COOLING LOAD ESTIMATES**
BARREL	1 TON PER INCH OF SCREW DIA.
SCREW	2 TON
THROAT COOLING	0.5 TONS FOR SCREWS UP TO 3" 1.0 TONS FOR SCREWS OVER 3"
GEAR DRIVE	2.0 TONS
HYDRAULIC OIL COOLING	1 TON PER 10 HP HYDRAULIC OIL MOTOR
VACUUM PUMPS	1 TON PER 10 HP
WATER PUMPS	1 TON PER 5 HP PUMP MOTOR
AIR COMPRESSOR	1 TON PER 10 HP OIL COOLER 1 TON PER 10 HP AIR AFTERCOOLER 1 TON PER HP AIR DRYER (WATER-COOLED)
COMPOUND MIXERS	TONS=LB./HR. X ? T + 0.2 X HP 12,000

GENERAL FORMULAE
TONS OF REFRIGERATION
(GPM X DELTA WATER TEMP) / 24
AIR-SENSIBLE HEAT (BTUH)
CFM X 1.085 X (DRY BULB 1 - DRY BULB 2)
AIR-LATENT HEAT (BTUH)
CFM X 0.68 X (GRAINS 1 - GRAINS 2)
AIR-TOTAL HEAT (BTUH)
CFM X 4.5 X (ENTHALPY 1 - ENTHALPY 2)
AIR-MOLD ROOM HVAC
80 SQ FT PER TON
HP - PUMP MOTORS
(US GPM X FT HD) /
(3960 X PUMP EFFICIENCY)
HP - FAN MOTOR
(CFM X INCHES S.P.) /
(6356 X STATIC EFFICIENCY)
TCU'S
LOAD + ( 0.5 TONS PER 3/4 HP ZONE)
RECTIFIERS
AMPS X VOLTS X 3.414 = BTUH

**GENERAL FORMULAE**
TONS OF REFRIGERATION	(GPM X DELTA WATER TEMP) / 24
AIR-SENSIBLE HEAT (BTUH)	CFM X 1.085 X (DRY BULB 1 - DRY BULB 2)
AIR-LATENT HEAT (BTUH)	CFM X 0.68 X (GRAINS 1 - GRAINS 2)
AIR-TOTAL HEAT (BTUH)	CFM X 4.5 X (ENTHALPY 1 - ENTHALPY 2)
AIR-MOLD ROOM HVAC	80 SQ FT PER TON
HP - PUMP MOTORS	(US GPM X FT HD) / (3960 X PUMP EFFICIENCY)
HP - FAN MOTOR	(CFM X INCHES S.P.) / (6356 X STATIC EFFICIENCY)
TCU'S	LOAD + ( 0.5 TONS PER 3/4 HP ZONE)
RECTIFIERS	AMPS X VOLTS X 3.414 = BTUH

PUMP OPERATION AT 50 HZ
60 HERTZ
50 HERTZ OPERATION
GPM
X 0.833 (17%)
HEAD
X 0.694(31%)
B.H.P.
X 0.58 (43%)
3500 RPM
2900 RPM
1750 RPM
1450 RPM

**PUMP OPERATION AT 50 HZ**
60 HERTZ	50 HERTZ OPERATION
GPM	X 0.833 (17%)
HEAD	X 0.694(31%)
B.H.P.	X 0.58 (43%)
3500 RPM	2900 RPM
1750 RPM	1450 RPM

ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE
1 TON REFRIGERATION
12,000 BTUH
1 TON COOLING TOWER
15,000 BTUH

0.293 WATTS
1 BTU
252 CALORIES
0.252 KG-CAL
-40 F
- 40 C
-30 F
-34.4 C
-20 F
-28.9 C
-10 F
-23.3 C
0 F
-17.8 C
10 F
-12.2 C
20 F
-6.7 C
30 F
-1.1 C
40 F
4.4 C
50 F
10 C
60 F
15.6 C
70 F
21.1 C
80 F
26.7 C
90 F
32.2 C
100 F
37.8 C

**ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE**
1 TON REFRIGERATION	12,000 BTUH
1 TON COOLING TOWER	15,000 BTUH
	0.293 WATTS
1 BTU	252 CALORIES
	0.252 KG-CAL
-40 F	- 40 C
-30 F	-34.4 C
-20 F	-28.9 C
-10 F	-23.3 C
0 F	-17.8 C
10 F	-12.2 C
20 F	-6.7 C
30 F	-1.1 C
40 F	4.4 C
50 F	10 C
60 F	15.6 C
70 F	21.1 C
80 F	26.7 C
90 F	32.2 C
100 F	37.8 C

POWER
1 HP
2544 BTUH
746 WATTS

WATER PRESSURE
1 PSI
2.31 FT HD
6.895< 10ˉ² BAR
6.8947 KILOPASCALS
2.036 INCHES OF MERCURY

FLOW
1 US GPM
3.785 LITRES / MINUTE
227.1 LITRES / HOUR
0.2271 CU METRES / HOUR

VOLUME
1 CU FT
7.481 US GALLONS
0.0283 CU METRES
1 CU METRE
35.31 CU FT
264.2 US GALLONS
1 US GALLON
3.785 LITRES
0.833 IMPERIAL GALLONS
2" DIA. PIPE
0.163 US GALLONS PER FT
2 1/2" DIA. PIPE
0.255 US GALLONS PER FT
3" DIA. PIPE
0.367 US GALLONS PER FT
4" DIA. PIPE
0.653 US GALLONS PER FT
6" DIA. PIPE
1.47 US GALLONS PER FT
8" DIA. PIPE
2.61 US GALLONS PER FT
10" DIA. PIPE
4.1 US GALLONS PER FT
12" DIA. PIPE
5.9 US GALLONS PER FT

**VOLUME**
1 CU FT	7.481 US GALLONS 0.0283 CU METRES
1 CU METRE	35.31 CU FT 264.2 US GALLONS
1 US GALLON	3.785 LITRES 0.833 IMPERIAL GALLONS
2" DIA. PIPE	0.163 US GALLONS PER FT
2 1/2" DIA. PIPE	0.255 US GALLONS PER FT
3" DIA. PIPE	0.367 US GALLONS PER FT
4" DIA. PIPE	0.653 US GALLONS PER FT
6" DIA. PIPE	1.47 US GALLONS PER FT
8" DIA. PIPE	2.61 US GALLONS PER FT
10" DIA. PIPE	4.1 US GALLONS PER FT
12" DIA. PIPE	5.9 US GALLONS PER FT

AREA
1 SQ FT
0.0929 SQ METRES
AREA OF A CIRCLE
(DIA X DIA) X 0.7854
CIRCUM OF A CYLINDER
DIAMETER X 3.1415
VOLUME OF A CYLINDER
(DIA X DIA) X
0.7854 X LENGTH

**AREA**
1 SQ FT	0.0929 SQ METRES
AREA OF A CIRCLE	(DIA X DIA) X 0.7854
CIRCUM OF A CYLINDER	DIAMETER X 3.1415
VOLUME OF A CYLINDER	(DIA X DIA) X 0.7854 X LENGTH

DISTANCE
1 INCH
2.54 CM
1 FOOT
30.48 CM
1 YARD
0.9144 METRES
1 MILE
1.609 KILOMETRES

**DISTANCE**
1 INCH	2.54 CM
1 FOOT	30.48 CM
1 YARD	0.9144 METRES
1 MILE	1.609 KILOMETRES

PRESSURE DROP ACROSS CONTROL VALVES
PSI PRESS DROP = (DESIGN GPM / VALVE CV) SQUARED

ELEVATION ABOVE SEALEVEL
DERATE CONDENSER BY
2,000 FT
0.96
4,000 FT
0.91
6,000 FT
0.87
8,000 FT
0.83

PIPE SIZE GUIDE C = 100
PROCESS PIPING
TOWER RETURNS
PIPE
SIZE
FLOW
GPM
LOSSES
FT. PER
100 FT.
WATER
VELOCITY
FT./SEC.
FLOW
GPM
WATER
VELOCITY
FT./SEC.
1/2"
4
17
4.2
3/4"
9
19
5.4
1"
16
16.5
5.9
1 1/4"
26
10.3
5.6
1 1/2"
40
10.7
6.3
2"
75
10
7.2
2 1/2"
120
10
8
3"
210
9.7
9.1
90
3.9
4"
400
8.5
10.1
180
4.5
6"
960
5.7
10.7
510
5.7
8"
1800
4.8
11.6
900
5.8
10"
2700
3.3
11
1600
6.1
12"
3600
2.4
10.4
2400
6.9
14"
4500
2.3
10.7
3000
7.1
16"
5600
1.8
10.2
4000
7.3

**PIPE SIZE GUIDE C = 100**
PROCESS PIPING	TOWER RETURNS
PIPE SIZE	FLOW GPM	LOSSES FT. PER 100 FT.	WATER VELOCITY FT./SEC.	FLOW GPM	WATER VELOCITY FT./SEC.
1/2"	4	17	4.2
3/4"	9	19	5.4
1"	16	16.5	5.9
1 1/4"	26	10.3	5.6
1 1/2"	40	10.7	6.3
2"	75	10	7.2
2 1/2"	120	10	8
3"	210	9.7	9.1	90	3.9
4"	400	8.5	10.1	180	4.5
6"	960	5.7	10.7	510	5.7
8"	1800	4.8	11.6	900	5.8
10"	2700	3.3	11	1600	6.1
12"	3600	2.4	10.4	2400	6.9
14"	4500	2.3	10.7	3000	7.1
16"	5600	1.8	10.2	4000	7.3

FRICTION LOSSES IN PIPE FITTINGS IN TERMS OF
EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF STRAIGHT PIPE
PIPE
SIZE
STD.
ELBOW
TEE
STRAIGHT
THRU
CHECK VALVE
PORT
BALL VALVE
(OPEN)
GATE VALVE
(OPEN)
1/2"
1.5
3
3.5
0.6
0.3
3/4"
2
4
5
0.8
0.5
1"
2.5
5.5
6
1
0.6
1 1/4"
3.5
7.5
9
1.2
0.8
1 1/2"
4.5
9
10
1.3
0.9
2"
5.5
12
13
1.5
1.1
2 1/2"
6.2
14
16
1.5
1.3
3"
8
16
20
2
1.6
4"
11
22
25
2.3
6"
16
32
40
3.5
8"
21
44
50
4.5
10"
26
55
65
6
12"
30
65
75
7
14"
35
80
90
8
16"
40
90
100
9

FRICTION LOSSES IN PIPE FITTINGS IN TERMS OF
EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF STRAIGHT PIPE
PIPE SIZE	STD. ELBOW	TEE STRAIGHT THRU	CHECK VALVE PORT	BALL VALVE (OPEN)	GATE VALVE (OPEN)
1/2"	1.5	3	3.5	0.6	0.3
3/4"	2	4	5	0.8	0.5
1"	2.5	5.5	6	1	0.6
1 1/4"	3.5	7.5	9	1.2	0.8
1 1/2"	4.5	9	10	1.3	0.9
2"	5.5	12	13	1.5	1.1
2 1/2"	6.2	14	16	1.5	1.3
3"	8	16	20	2	1.6
4"	11	22	25		2.3
6"	16	32	40		3.5
8"	21	44	50		4.5
10"	26	55	65		6
12"	30	65	75		7
14"	35	80	90		8
16"	40	90	100		9

ETHYLENE GLYCOL
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
PERCENT
VOLUME
FREEZE
POINT
SPECIFIC
HEAT
PERCENT
VOLUME
FREEZE
POINT
SPECIFIC
HEAT
10%
23F
0.957
10%
26F
0.98
20%
14F
0.924
20%
18F
0.96
30%
2F
0.897
30%
7F
0.935
40%
-13F
0.849
40%
-8F
0.895
50%
-36F
0.809
50%
-29F
0.85

SIZING GUIDE LINES
NOMINAL DESIGN FLOW
COOLING TOWER
= 3 GPM PER TON
CHILLING
= 2.4 GPM PER TON
WEIGHED WATER TESTS
GPM X ∆ T = CHILLER TON
GPM X ∆ T   = TOWER TON
              24
        30
#MIN X ∆ T = CHILLER TON
#MIN X ∆ T = TOWER TON
              200
       250
FT.HD = P.S.I. X 2.3
CHILLER SIZING
INJECTION MOLDING SIZING GUIDE LINE
30#/HR POLYOLEFNS
= 1 TON
50#/HR POLYSTYRENE
= 1 TON
45#/HR P.V.C.
= 1 TON
40#/HR P.E.T.
= 1 TON
EXTRUSION
50#/HR POLYOLEFINS
= 1 TON
75#/HR POLYSTYRENE
= 1 TON
65#/HR P.V.C.
= 1 TON
BLOWING MOLDING
40#/HR POLYOLEFINS
= 1 TON
OTHER EQUIPMENT
AIR COMP. W/AFT COOLER
= 0.2 TON/HP
VAC PUMP
= 0.1 TON/HP
HYDRAULIC COOLING
= 0.1 TON/HP
BARREL COOLING
= 1 TON/IN.
SCREW DIA.
MOLD ROOM HEATING= 25 BTU/FT²

NON-MOLD ROOM HEATING= 50 BTU/FT²

(-10° F −+ 70° F) (16' CEILING)
MOLD ROOM AIR COND.=80FT²/TON
AIR COMP. 1 HP = 4 SCFM @ 100 P.S.I.G.

PIPE SIZING GUIDE Based on 10' HD loss/100' Pipe
½ = 2 GPM
2½ = 90 GPM
¾ = 5 GPM
3" = 160 GPM
1" = 10 GPM
4" = 320 GPM
1¼ = 20 GPM
5" = 600 GPM
1½ = 30 GPM
6" = 900 GPM
2" = 50 GPM
8" = 2000 GPM

COMMONLY USED FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS
TONS =
GPM X RISE
Nominal Tons
24
Pipe
CHW
or
Size
or
TONS =
#/MIN X RISE
(Inches)
CTW
GPM
200
GPM
= GALLONS PER MINUTE
1
3
10
1 GAL
= 8.3#
1 ½
10
30
1 CU FT
= 7.5 GALLONS
2
17
50
1 TON
= 12000 BTU/HR
2 ½
30
90
EWT °F
= ENTERING WATER TEMP °F
3
53
160
LWT °F
= LEAVING WATER TEMP °F
4
107
320
RISE °F
= LWT ― EWT
5
200
600
6
300
900

**COMMONLY USED FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS**
TONS =	GPM X RISE	Nominal Tons
	24	Pipe	CHW
or		Size	or
TONS =	#/MIN X RISE	(Inches)	CTW	GPM
	200
GPM	= GALLONS PER MINUTE	1	3	10
1 GAL	= 8.3#	1 ½	10	30
1 CU FT	= 7.5 GALLONS	2	17	50
1 TON	= 12000 BTU/HR	2 ½	30	90
EWT °F	= ENTERING WATER TEMP °F	3	53	160
LWT °F	= LEAVING WATER TEMP °F	4	107	320
RISE °F	= LWT ― EWT	5	200	600
		6	300	900

TEMPERATURE
°F
°C
°F
°C
°F
°C
0
―17.8
7
―13.9
30
―1.1
1
―17.2
8
―13.3
35
1.7
2
―16.7
9
―12.8
40
4.4
3
―16.1
10
―12.2
45
7.2
4
―15.6
15
― 9.4
50
10.0
5
―15
20
― 6.7
55
12.8
6
―14.4
25
― 3.9
60
15.6

**TEMPERATURE**
°F	°C	°F	°C	°F	°C
0	―17.8	7	―13.9	30	―1.1
1	―17.2	8	―13.3	35	1.7
2	―16.7	9	―12.8	40	4.4
3	―16.1	10	―12.2	45	7.2
4	―15.6	15	― 9.4	50	10.0
5	―15	20	― 6.7	55	12.8
6	―14.4	25	― 3.9	60	15.6

METRIC CONVERSION TABLE
To Convert Multiply To Convert Multiply
from To by from To by
To Convert Power
US gpm liters/min 3.785 ft-lb/sec watts 1.356
US gpm liters/hr 227.1 hp watts 745.7
US gpm cu m/hr 0.2271 hp kw 0.7457
cfm liters/min 28.317 hp cheval-vap 1.0139
cfm cu m/min 0.02832
cfm cu m/hr 1.6992
Unit Weight Heat
lb/ft
kg/m 1.4881 Btu gr-cal 252
lb/sq in
gr/sq cm 70.31 Btu kg-cal 0.252
lb/sq in
kg/sq cm 0.07031 Btu/lb kg-cal/kg 0.5556
lb/cu in
gr/cu cum 27.68 Btu/sq ft gr-cal/sq cm 0.2713
lb/cu ft
kg/cu m 16.018 Btu/cu ft kg-cal/cu m 8.899
Length Weight
inches mm 25.40 grains grams 0.0648
inches cm 2.540 ounces grams 28.350
inches meters 0.0254 ounces kg 0.02835
feet meters 0.3048 pounds kg 0.4536
feet km 0.0003048 pounds tonnes 0.000454
yards meters 0.9144 US tons kg 907.2
yards km 0.0009144 US tons tonnes 0.9072
miles km 1.609 long tons kg 1016
long tons tonnes 1.0160
Volume Area
cu inches cu cm 16.387 sq inches sq mm 645.2
cu inches liters 0.01639 sq inches sq cm 6.452
cu feet cu meters 0.02832 sq feet sq meters 0.09290
cu feet liters 28.317 sq yards sq meters 0.8361
cu yards cu meters 0.7646 sq miles sq km 2.590
fl ounces cu cum 29.57 acres hectare 0.4047
US gal cu meters 0.003785
US gal liters 3.785

ELEVATION ABOVE SEALEVEL	DERATE CONDENSER BY
2,000 FT	0.96
4,000 FT	0.91
6,000 FT	0.87
8,000 FT	0.83

ETHYLENE GLYCOL			PROPYLENE GLYCOL
PERCENT VOLUME	FREEZE POINT	SPECIFIC HEAT	PERCENT VOLUME	FREEZE POINT	SPECIFIC HEAT
10%	23F	0.957	10%	26F	0.98
20%	14F	0.924	20%	18F	0.96
30%	2F	0.897	30%	7F	0.935
40%	-13F	0.849	40%	-8F	0.895
50%	-36F	0.809	50%	-29F	0.85

SIZING GUIDE LINES
NOMINAL DESIGN FLOW
COOLING TOWER	= 3 GPM PER TON
CHILLING	= 2.4 GPM PER TON
WEIGHED WATER TESTS
GPM X ∆ T = CHILLER TON	GPM X ∆ T = TOWER TON
24	30
#MIN X ∆ T = CHILLER TON	#MIN X ∆ T = TOWER TON
200	250
FT.HD = P.S.I. X 2.3
CHILLER SIZING
INJECTION MOLDING SIZING GUIDE LINE
30#/HR POLYOLEFNS	= 1 TON
50#/HR POLYSTYRENE	= 1 TON
45#/HR P.V.C.	= 1 TON
40#/HR P.E.T.	= 1 TON
EXTRUSION
50#/HR POLYOLEFINS	= 1 TON
75#/HR POLYSTYRENE	= 1 TON
65#/HR P.V.C.	= 1 TON
BLOWING MOLDING
40#/HR POLYOLEFINS	= 1 TON
OTHER EQUIPMENT
AIR COMP. W/AFT COOLER	= 0.2 TON/HP
VAC PUMP	= 0.1 TON/HP
HYDRAULIC COOLING	= 0.1 TON/HP
BARREL COOLING	= 1 TON/IN.
	SCREW DIA.
MOLD ROOM HEATING= 25 BTU/FT²
NON-MOLD ROOM HEATING= 50 BTU/FT²
(-10° F −+ 70° F) (16' CEILING)
MOLD ROOM AIR COND.=80FT²/TON
AIR COMP. 1 HP = 4 SCFM @ 100 P.S.I.G.
PIPE SIZING GUIDE Based on 10' HD loss/100' Pipe
½ = 2 GPM	2½ = 90 GPM
¾ = 5 GPM	3" = 160 GPM
1" = 10 GPM	4" = 320 GPM
1¼ = 20 GPM	5" = 600 GPM
1½ = 30 GPM	6" = 900 GPM
2" = 50 GPM	8" = 2000 GPM

To Convert		Multiply	To Convert		Multiply
from	To	by	from	To	by
To Convert			Power
US gpm	liters/min	3.785	ft-lb/sec	watts	1.356
US gpm	liters/hr	227.1	hp	watts	745.7
US gpm	cu m/hr	0.2271	hp	kw	0.7457
cfm	liters/min	28.317	hp	cheval-vap	1.0139
cfm	cu m/min	0.02832
cfm	cu m/hr	1.6992
Unit Weight			Heat
lb/ft	kg/m	1.4881	Btu	gr-cal	252
lb/sq in	gr/sq cm	70.31	Btu	kg-cal	0.252
lb/sq in	kg/sq cm	0.07031	Btu/lb	kg-cal/kg	0.5556
lb/cu in	gr/cu cum	27.68	Btu/sq ft	gr-cal/sq cm	0.2713
lb/cu ft	kg/cu m	16.018	Btu/cu ft	kg-cal/cu m	8.899
Length			Weight
inches	mm	25.40	grains	grams	0.0648
inches	cm	2.540	ounces	grams	28.350
inches	meters	0.0254	ounces	kg	0.02835
feet	meters	0.3048	pounds	kg	0.4536
feet	km	0.0003048	pounds	tonnes	0.000454
yards	meters	0.9144	US tons	kg	907.2
yards	km	0.0009144	US tons	tonnes	0.9072
miles	km	1.609	long tons	kg	1016
			long tons	tonnes	1.0160
Volume			Area
cu inches	cu cm	16.387	sq inches	sq mm	645.2
cu inches	liters	0.01639	sq inches	sq cm	6.452
cu feet	cu meters	0.02832	sq feet	sq meters	0.09290
cu feet	liters	28.317	sq yards	sq meters	0.8361
cu yards	cu meters	0.7646	sq miles	sq km	2.590
fl ounces	cu cum	29.57	acres	hectare	0.4047
US gal	cu meters	0.003785
US gal	liters	3.785